Genital Herpes Explained: What It Is and Why It Matters

Genital herpes cases are increasing in England, with nearly 29,000 new diagnoses in 2025.
The rise in genital herpes is a reminder that STIs are a widespread problem and that testing is vital.
Genital herpes can be passed on through skin-to-skin contact, even when there are no visible symptoms.
Wearing a condom can prevent the spread of many STIs, including genital herpes.
STI testing is free and confidential, and can be accessed through local clinics or self-sampling kits.

So what exactly just happened with genital herpes cases in England? And why should you care? The latest data from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) shows that new cases of genital herpes are increasing, bucking an overall fall in sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This rise is a concern, as genital herpes can cause serious harm if left untreated. In this article, we'll explore what's behind the increase in genital herpes cases, why it matters to you, and what you can do to protect yourself.

The Full Story / Background & Context

The UKHSA reports that nearly 29,000 people were diagnosed with genital herpes in 2025, a 3% rise on the previous year. This increase is significant, as overall STI diagnoses fell by 8% over the same period. The rise in genital herpes is a reminder that STIs are a widespread problem, and that testing for them is vital. Genital herpes can be passed on through skin-to-skin contact, even when there are no visible symptoms. This makes it a particularly challenging infection to prevent, as people may not even realize they are infected.

Historical Precedent / Has This Happened Before?

New cases of genital herpes did decrease during the Covid pandemic, when fewer people came forward for testing. However, they have been rising again since, although they are not yet as high as in 2019, when there were nearly 35,000 new cases diagnosed. This trend suggests that the rise in genital herpes cases is not a one-off, but rather a persistent issue that needs to be addressed. The UKHSA notes that STIs remain particularly high among young people and gay and bisexual men, highlighting the need for targeted prevention and testing efforts.

Real-World Impact

The rise in genital herpes cases has significant real-world implications. Genital herpes can cause serious harm if left untreated, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Furthermore, the infection can be passed on to others, even if the infected person is not showing any symptoms. This makes it essential to practice safe sex, including using condoms and getting regular STI tests. The UKHSA emphasizes that sexually active young women are encouraged to test for chlamydia after sex with a new partner or annually, highlighting the importance of regular testing in preventing the spread of STIs.

Expert Analysis & Scenarios / What Comes Next

Dr Hamish Mohammed, a consultant epidemiologist at the UKHSA, notes that progress has been made in reducing STI cases, but there is still more to do. He warns that the drop in chlamydia testing is a concern, as untreated chlamydia can cause serious harm. The UKHSA recommends that people get tested for STIs if they have had sex with a new or casual partner without a condom, even if they don't have symptoms. As Dr Mohammed emphasizes,

These infections can cause serious harm. If you have had sex with a new or casual partner without a condom, it's essential to get tested – even if you don't have symptoms.

What This Means For You

So what can you do to protect yourself from genital herpes and other STIs? First and foremost, practice safe sex by using condoms and getting regular STI tests. If you have had sex with a new or casual partner without a condom, get tested for STIs, even if you don't have symptoms. Additionally, be aware of the symptoms of STIs, including an unusual discharge, pain when peeing, and sores around the genitals or anus. If you experience any of these symptoms, seek medical attention immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is genital herpes?

Genital herpes is a common sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. It can be passed on through skin-to-skin contact, even when there are no visible symptoms.

How can I protect myself from genital herpes?

You can protect yourself from genital herpes by practicing safe sex, including using condoms and getting regular STI tests. Avoiding skin-to-skin contact with someone who has an active outbreak can also reduce the risk of transmission.

What are the symptoms of genital herpes?

The symptoms of genital herpes can include an unusual discharge, pain when peeing, and sores around the genitals or anus. However, some people may not experience any symptoms at all, making it essential to get regular STI tests if you are sexually active.

Can I get genital herpes from a toilet seat or swimming pool?

No, you cannot get genital herpes from a toilet seat, swimming pool, sauna, or other inanimate objects. Genital herpes is spread through skin-to-skin contact with an infected person.

How can I get tested for genital herpes?

You can get tested for genital herpes through a local sexual health clinic, university or college medical centre, or through a self-sampling kit sent discreetly by post. STI testing is free and confidential, and it's essential to get tested if you are sexually active.

In conclusion, the rise in genital herpes cases in England is a concern that requires attention and action. By practicing safe sex, getting regular STI tests, and being aware of the symptoms of STIs, you can protect yourself and others from genital herpes and other STIs. Remember, STI testing is free and confidential, and it's essential to take control of your sexual health. Don't wait until it's too late – get tested today and take the first step towards a healthier, safer sex life.

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